Al-Mukhtasar · Tafsir · in Chinese
الممتحنة
Al-Mumtahanah
She that is to be examined · Medinan · 13 ayahs
60:1Page 549
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تَتَّخِذُواْ عَدُوِّي وَعَدُوَّكُمۡ أَوۡلِيَآءَ تُلۡقُونَ إِلَيۡهِم بِٱلۡمَوَدَّةِ وَقَدۡ كَفَرُواْ بِمَا جَآءَكُم مِّنَ ٱلۡحَقِّ يُخۡرِجُونَ ٱلرَّسُولَ وَإِيَّاكُمۡ أَن تُؤۡمِنُواْ بِٱللَّهِ رَبِّكُمۡ إِن كُنتُمۡ خَرَجۡتُمۡ جِهَٰدٗا فِي سَبِيلِي وَٱبۡتِغَآءَ مَرۡضَاتِيۚ تُسِرُّونَ إِلَيۡهِم بِٱلۡمَوَدَّةِ وَأَنَا۠ أَعۡلَمُ بِمَآ أَخۡفَيۡتُمۡ وَمَآ أَعۡلَنتُمۡۚ وَمَن يَفۡعَلۡهُ مِنكُمۡ فَقَدۡ ضَلَّ سَوَآءَ ٱلسَّبِيلِ ١
O you who have believed, do not take My enemies and your enemies as allies,1 extending to them affection while they have disbelieved in what came to you of the truth, having driven out the Prophet and yourselves [only] because you believe in Allāh, your Lord. If you have come out for jihād [i.e., fighting or striving] in My cause and seeking means to My approval, [take them not as friends]. You confide to them affection [i.e., instruction], but I am most knowing of what you have concealed and what you have declared. And whoever does it among you has certainly strayed from the soundness of the way.
信仰真主并依据其律法行事的人们啊！你们不要以我和你们的敌人为相互支持和相互友爱的朋友，他们不信仰你们的使者所带来的教诲，他们将使者从其家园逐出，也将你们从麦加城逐出，他们不顾及你们的亲情和怜悯，这只因为你们信仰你们的主-真主，如果你们从故乡迁徙是为我奋斗，是为获取我的喜悦的话，就不要那样做。你们悄悄向他们汇报穆斯林的消息以求他们的友谊，我全知你们隐瞒的和显现的，其中丝毫不能隐瞒于我。谁对不信道者表示友爱和善意，他确已脱离正道、迷失真理、偏离正确。
60:2Page 549
إِن يَثۡقَفُوكُمۡ يَكُونُواْ لَكُمۡ أَعۡدَآءٗ وَيَبۡسُطُوٓاْ إِلَيۡكُمۡ أَيۡدِيَهُمۡ وَأَلۡسِنَتَهُم بِٱلسُّوٓءِ وَوَدُّواْ لَوۡ تَكۡفُرُونَ ٢
If they gain dominance over you, they would be [i.e., behave] to you as enemies and extend against you their hands and their tongues with evil, and they wish you would disbelieve.
他们一旦发现你们，便会暴露出他们内心的敌意，并对你们加以迫害和杀戮，或从言语中谩骂和欺辱你们，他们希望你们和他们一样不信仰真主及其使者。
60:3Page 549
لَن تَنفَعَكُمۡ أَرۡحَامُكُمۡ وَلَآ أَوۡلَٰدُكُمۡۚ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِ يَفۡصِلُ بَيۡنَكُمۡۚ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ بَصِيرٞ ٣
Never will your relatives or your children benefit you; the Day of Resurrection He will judge between you. And Allāh, of what you do, is Seeing.
假若你们为他们而援助不信道者，你们的亲属和子嗣对于你们是无济于事，你们中乐园的居民将进乐园，火狱的居民将进火狱，对于你们的行为真主是彻知的，你们的行为丝毫不能隐瞒于真主，祂将依其报酬你们。
60:4Page 549
قَدۡ كَانَتۡ لَكُمۡ أُسۡوَةٌ حَسَنَةٞ فِيٓ إِبۡرَٰهِيمَ وَٱلَّذِينَ مَعَهُۥٓ إِذۡ قَالُواْ لِقَوۡمِهِمۡ إِنَّا بُرَءَٰٓؤُاْ مِنكُمۡ وَمِمَّا تَعۡبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ كَفَرۡنَا بِكُمۡ وَبَدَا بَيۡنَنَا وَبَيۡنَكُمُ ٱلۡعَدَٰوَةُ وَٱلۡبَغۡضَآءُ أَبَدًا حَتَّىٰ تُؤۡمِنُواْ بِٱللَّهِ وَحۡدَهُۥٓ إِلَّا قَوۡلَ إِبۡرَٰهِيمَ لِأَبِيهِ لَأَسۡتَغۡفِرَنَّ لَكَ وَمَآ أَمۡلِكُ لَكَ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ مِن شَيۡءٖۖ رَّبَّنَا عَلَيۡكَ تَوَكَّلۡنَا وَإِلَيۡكَ أَنَبۡنَا وَإِلَيۡكَ ٱلۡمَصِيرُ ٤
There has already been for you an excellent pattern1 in Abraham and those with him, when they said to their people, "Indeed, we are disassociated from you and from whatever you worship other than Allāh. We have denied you, and there has appeared between us and you animosity and hatred forever until you believe in Allāh alone" - except for the saying of Abraham to his father, "I will surely ask forgiveness for you, but I have not [power to do] for you anything against Allāh. Our Lord, upon You we have relied, and to You we have returned, and to You is the destination.
信士们啊！易卜拉欣和跟随他的信士们是你们的优秀模范，当时他们对不信道的族人说：“我们与你们和你们舍真主崇拜的偶像无干系，我们否认你们的宗教，我们彼此间有敌意和仇恨，直到你们归信独一的真主，不以任何人匹配祂。”你们当像他们一样脱离你们不信道的民众，除易卜拉欣（愿主赐其平安）对他父亲说的‘我将为你向真主求饶’这句话外，你们不要以这点为榜样，因为这是易卜拉欣在对其父亲失望之前所说的。任何信士都不得为以物配主者求饶，那是不会为你们抵御真主的丝毫惩罚的，“我们的主啊！我们将所有事物依托于你，我们向你忏悔，复活日我们只归于你。
60:5Page 549
رَبَّنَا لَا تَجۡعَلۡنَا فِتۡنَةٗ لِّلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ وَٱغۡفِرۡ لَنَا رَبَّنَآۖ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلۡحَكِيمُ ٥
Our Lord, make us not [objects of] torment for the disbelievers and forgive us, our Lord. Indeed, it is You who is the Exalted in Might, the Wise."
我们的主啊！求你不要使我们受到不信道者的蛊惑，不要给予他们掌控我们的权力，他们会说：‘假若他们曾经是正确的，我们就不会被赋予掌控他们的权力。’求你饶恕我们的罪过，你确是不可战胜的、万能的，祂的创造、律例和裁夺确是至睿的。”
60:6Page 550
لَقَدۡ كَانَ لَكُمۡ فِيهِمۡ أُسۡوَةٌ حَسَنَةٞ لِّمَن كَانَ يَرۡجُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَٱلۡيَوۡمَ ٱلۡأٓخِرَۚ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ هُوَ ٱلۡغَنِيُّ ٱلۡحَمِيدُ ٦
There has certainly been for you in them an excellent pattern for anyone whose hope is in Allāh and the Last Day. And whoever turns away - then indeed, Allāh is the Free of need, the Praiseworthy.
这个优秀模范，是希望获得真主赐予今世和后世恩惠的美好者的榜样，谁拒绝效仿，真主无需于他的敬拜，也无需于他的顺从，真主在任何情况下都是被赞颂的。
60:7Page 550
۞ عَسَى ٱللَّهُ أَن يَجۡعَلَ بَيۡنَكُمۡ وَبَيۡنَ ٱلَّذِينَ عَادَيۡتُم مِّنۡهُم مَّوَدَّةٗۚ وَٱللَّهُ قَدِيرٞۚ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ٧
Perhaps Allāh will put, between you and those to whom you have been enemies among them, affection. And Allāh is competent,1 and Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful.
信士们啊！或许真主在你们和你们所敌视的不信道者之间设置了一种友爱，真主引导他们皈依伊斯兰，他们便成为你们的教胞，真主是万能的，能够将他们的心翻转至信仰，真主是饶恕忏悔的仆人，是对他们至慈的主。
60:8Page 550
لَّا يَنۡهَىٰكُمُ ٱللَّهُ عَنِ ٱلَّذِينَ لَمۡ يُقَٰتِلُوكُمۡ فِي ٱلدِّينِ وَلَمۡ يُخۡرِجُوكُم مِّن دِيَٰرِكُمۡ أَن تَبَرُّوهُمۡ وَتُقۡسِطُوٓاْ إِلَيۡهِمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلۡمُقۡسِطِينَ ٨
Allāh does not forbid you from those who do not fight you because of religion and do not expel you from your homes - from being righteous toward them and acting justly toward them. Indeed, Allāh loves those who act justly.
真主没有禁止你们善待未对你们因伊斯兰而作战的人，以及未将你们逐出家园的人，你们当公正对待他们，给予他们你们应尽的义务，就如艾布•伯克尔的女儿艾斯玛对待她不信道的母亲一样，（艾布•伯克尔一生共娶过四个妻子，第一位妻子古泰伊莱在蒙昧时代已经被休，是非穆斯林，艾斯玛是她为艾布•伯克尔所生的大女儿。）艾斯玛请示先知（愿主福安之），先知命令她联系其母，并与之往来。真主喜欢对自己和家人公正的人。
60:9Page 550
إِنَّمَا يَنۡهَىٰكُمُ ٱللَّهُ عَنِ ٱلَّذِينَ قَٰتَلُوكُمۡ فِي ٱلدِّينِ وَأَخۡرَجُوكُم مِّن دِيَٰرِكُمۡ وَظَٰهَرُواْ عَلَىٰٓ إِخۡرَاجِكُمۡ أَن تَوَلَّوۡهُمۡۚ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُمۡ فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلظَّٰلِمُونَ ٩
Allāh only forbids you from those who fight you because of religion and expel you from your homes and aid in your expulsion - [forbids] that you make allies1 of them. And whoever makes allies of them, then it is those who are the wrongdoers.
真主只禁止你们结交因你们的信仰而向你们作战、把你们逐出家园，协助他人驱赶你们的人。你们中和他们结交者是自欺的不义者，他们违反真主的命令，并招来毁灭的因素。
60:10Page 550
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِذَا جَآءَكُمُ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنَٰتُ مُهَٰجِرَٰتٖ فَٱمۡتَحِنُوهُنَّۖ ٱللَّهُ أَعۡلَمُ بِإِيمَٰنِهِنَّۖ فَإِنۡ عَلِمۡتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤۡمِنَٰتٖ فَلَا تَرۡجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى ٱلۡكُفَّارِۖ لَا هُنَّ حِلّٞ لَّهُمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّۖ وَءَاتُوهُم مَّآ أَنفَقُواْۚ وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ أَن تَنكِحُوهُنَّ إِذَآ ءَاتَيۡتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّۚ وَلَا تُمۡسِكُواْ بِعِصَمِ ٱلۡكَوَافِرِ وَسۡـَٔلُواْ مَآ أَنفَقۡتُمۡ وَلۡيَسۡـَٔلُواْ مَآ أَنفَقُواْۚ ذَٰلِكُمۡ حُكۡمُ ٱللَّهِ يَحۡكُمُ بَيۡنَكُمۡۖ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٞ ١٠
O you who have believed, when the believing women come to you as emigrants, examine [i.e., test] them. Allāh is most knowing as to their faith. And if you know them to be believers, then do not return them to the disbelievers; they are not lawful [wives] for them, nor are they lawful [husbands] for them. But give them [i.e., the disbelievers] what they have spent.1 And there is no blame upon you if you marry them when you have given them their due compensation [i.e., mahr]. And hold not to marriage bonds with disbelieving women, but ask for what you have spent and let them [i.e., the disbelievers] ask for what they have spent.2 That is the judgement of Allāh; He judges between you. And Allāh is Knowing and Wise.
信真主并依据其律法行事的人们啊！如果有信士的妇女从不信道的地方迁至伊斯兰之地投靠你们，你们当考验她们信仰的真诚，真主至知她们的信仰，她们心中的任何事情都不能隐瞒祂，考验后，如果她们向你们显露真诚，你们确知她们是信士，就不要将她们迁回不信道的丈夫那里，不信道者娶信士的妇女是非法的，你们当支付她们的丈夫为其支付的聘金。信士们啊！在她们待婚期结束后，你们支付她们聘金后娶她们为妻是无罪过，谁的妻室是不信道者，或背叛了伊斯兰，他不得挽留她，因他们俩的婚约以她的不信道而结束，然后当向不信道者索回你们曾为叛教的妻子支付的聘金，让不信道者索回他们为他们归信伊斯兰教的妻子支付的聘金，上述-你们或他们退回聘金是真主的判决，清高的真主以祂的意欲在你们间判决，真主是全知祂的众仆的情况和行为的，任何事不能隐瞒于祂，祂是至睿于为众仆制定律法的。
60:11Page 550
وَإِن فَاتَكُمۡ شَيۡءٞ مِّنۡ أَزۡوَٰجِكُمۡ إِلَى ٱلۡكُفَّارِ فَعَاقَبۡتُمۡ فَـَٔاتُواْ ٱلَّذِينَ ذَهَبَتۡ أَزۡوَٰجُهُم مِّثۡلَ مَآ أَنفَقُواْۚ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ ٱلَّذِيٓ أَنتُم بِهِۦ مُؤۡمِنُونَ ١١
And if you have lost any of your wives to the disbelievers and you subsequently obtain [something],1 then give those whose wives have gone the equivalent of what they had spent. And fear Allāh, in whom you are believers.
如果你们中有的女人叛教而不信道，你们向不信道者索取聘金，他们未退给你们聘金，你们当把从不信道者获取的战利品给予其妻已叛教的人们，以补偿他们曾付出的聘金。你们当敬畏真主，遵循祂的命令，远离祂的禁戒。
60:12Page 551
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّبِيُّ إِذَا جَآءَكَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنَٰتُ يُبَايِعۡنَكَ عَلَىٰٓ أَن لَّا يُشۡرِكۡنَ بِٱللَّهِ شَيۡـٔٗا وَلَا يَسۡرِقۡنَ وَلَا يَزۡنِينَ وَلَا يَقۡتُلۡنَ أَوۡلَٰدَهُنَّ وَلَا يَأۡتِينَ بِبُهۡتَٰنٖ يَفۡتَرِينَهُۥ بَيۡنَ أَيۡدِيهِنَّ وَأَرۡجُلِهِنَّ وَلَا يَعۡصِينَكَ فِي مَعۡرُوفٖ فَبَايِعۡهُنَّ وَٱسۡتَغۡفِرۡ لَهُنَّ ٱللَّهَۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ١٢
O Prophet, when the believing women come to you pledging to you that they will not associate anything with Allāh, nor will they steal, nor will they commit unlawful sexual intercourse, nor will they kill their children, nor will they bring forth a slander they have invented between their arms and legs,1 nor will they disobey you in what is right - then accept their pledge and ask forgiveness for them of Allāh. Indeed, Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful.
先知啊！如果信士的妇女来向你宣誓效忠，如解放麦加时所发生的一样，她们发誓不匹配真主、只崇拜真主、不偷盗、不淫荡、不跟随蒙昧时代的习俗杀害她们的孩子、不以私生子充当自己丈夫的孩子、不违背你如禁止为死人嚎哭、剃发和撕扯衣领（这是蒙昧时期阿拉伯人的习俗，即妇女为刚刚去世的亲属大声嚎哭、剃发、打自己脸和撕扯衣领等）等善的命令，你当与她们盟约，在她们发誓效忠后，你当为她们祈祷真主饶恕她们的罪过，真主确是至赦和怜悯众仆中的忏悔者的。
60:13Page 551
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تَتَوَلَّوۡاْ قَوۡمًا غَضِبَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيۡهِمۡ قَدۡ يَئِسُواْ مِنَ ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ كَمَا يَئِسَ ٱلۡكُفَّارُ مِنۡ أَصۡحَٰبِ ٱلۡقُبُورِ ١٣
O you who have believed, do not make allies of a people with whom Allāh has become angry. They have despaired of [reward in] the Hereafter just as the disbelievers have despaired of [meeting] the companions [i.e., inhabitants] of the graves.
“信真主并依据其律法行事的人们啊！你们不要援助真主恼怒的民众，他们不信后世，绝望于后世，就像他们不信复活而绝望于他们的死人能返回他们一样。”
Text: Quranic Universal Library (Tarteel), via spa5k/tafsir_api (MIT), at a fixed version. The ayahs: Quran Foundation. Sources and licences