Al-Mukhtasar · Tafsir · in Chinese
Al-A'raf 7:158–206
7:158Page 170
قُلۡ يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ إِنِّي رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ إِلَيۡكُمۡ جَمِيعًا ٱلَّذِي لَهُۥ مُلۡكُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۖ لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ يُحۡيِۦ وَيُمِيتُۖ فَـَٔامِنُواْ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ٱلۡأُمِّيِّ ٱلَّذِي يُؤۡمِنُ بِٱللَّهِ وَكَلِمَٰتِهِۦ وَٱتَّبِعُوهُ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَهۡتَدُونَ ١٥٨
Say, [O Muḥammad], "O mankind, indeed I am the Messenger of Allāh to you all, [from Him] to whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth. There is no deity except Him; He gives life and causes death." So believe in Allāh and His Messenger, the unlettered prophet, who believes in Allāh and His words, and follow him that you may be guided.
使者啊!你说:“世人啊!我是派遣给你们众人的真主的使者,是你们中的阿拉伯人和非阿拉伯人的使者。真主是唯一拥有天地王权的主宰,除祂外,绝无应受崇拜的。祂能使死者生,使活者死。世人啊!你们应归信真主,归信穆罕默德(愿主福安之),他是一位不会写,也不会读的使者。他给你们带来他的养主的启示。启示要求信仰真主,并信仰穆罕默德以及他之前众先知们所带来的启示,不加以区别。你们应当追随他的养主降示给他的启示。希望你们能从中获得有益于你们今后两世的指引。”当真主提到以色列的后裔崇拜牛犊一事时,也提到了他们中有一个民族并没有崇拜牛犊,祂说:
7:159Page 170
وَمِن قَوۡمِ مُوسَىٰٓ أُمَّةٞ يَهۡدُونَ بِٱلۡحَقِّ وَبِهِۦ يَعۡدِلُونَ ١٥٩
And among the people of Moses is a community1 which guides by truth and by it establishes justice.
穆萨宗族中的以色列的后裔中有一伙坚守正教之人,他们以真理而引导他人,主持公道,并没背离正道。
7:160Page 171
وَقَطَّعۡنَٰهُمُ ٱثۡنَتَيۡ عَشۡرَةَ أَسۡبَاطًا أُمَمٗاۚ وَأَوۡحَيۡنَآ إِلَىٰ مُوسَىٰٓ إِذِ ٱسۡتَسۡقَىٰهُ قَوۡمُهُۥٓ أَنِ ٱضۡرِب بِّعَصَاكَ ٱلۡحَجَرَۖ فَٱنۢبَجَسَتۡ مِنۡهُ ٱثۡنَتَا عَشۡرَةَ عَيۡنٗاۖ قَدۡ عَلِمَ كُلُّ أُنَاسٖ مَّشۡرَبَهُمۡۚ وَظَلَّلۡنَا عَلَيۡهِمُ ٱلۡغَمَٰمَ وَأَنزَلۡنَا عَلَيۡهِمُ ٱلۡمَنَّ وَٱلسَّلۡوَىٰۖ كُلُواْ مِن طَيِّبَٰتِ مَا رَزَقۡنَٰكُمۡۚ وَمَا ظَلَمُونَا وَلَٰكِن كَانُوٓاْ أَنفُسَهُمۡ يَظۡلِمُونَ ١٦٠
And We divided them into twelve descendant tribes1 [as distinct] nations. And We inspired to Moses when his people implored him for water, "Strike with your staff the stone," and there gushed forth from it twelve springs. Every people [i.e., tribe] knew its watering place. And We shaded them with clouds and sent down upon them manna and quails, [saying], "Eat from the good things with which We have provided you." And they wronged Us not, but they were [only] wronging themselves.
我将以色列的后裔分为十二个部族。当穆萨的宗族请求他向真主祈求水源时,我启示他说:“穆萨啊!你用你的手杖去敲打那磬石吧。”于是,穆萨敲打了,十二股泉水依照他们十二个部族的数量从磬石里喷发出来,每一个部族都知道自己的专用饮水处,互不妨碍。我以白云为他们遮荫,他们行,则白云行,他们停,则白云停。我为他们从我的给养中降下甘露,如蜂蜜和肉质鲜美的类似于鹌鹑的小鸟,我对他们说:“你们食用我恩赐你们的佳美的食物吧!”他们的不义、否认恩典,没有珍惜恩典对我毫发无损。但是他们因失去我的福利而自亏其身,因为他们违背真主的命令并否认真主的恩典而使自己走上毁灭的道路。
7:161Page 171
وَإِذۡ قِيلَ لَهُمُ ٱسۡكُنُواْ هَٰذِهِ ٱلۡقَرۡيَةَ وَكُلُواْ مِنۡهَا حَيۡثُ شِئۡتُمۡ وَقُولُواْ حِطَّةٞ وَٱدۡخُلُواْ ٱلۡبَابَ سُجَّدٗا نَّغۡفِرۡ لَكُمۡ خَطِيٓـَٰٔتِكُمۡۚ سَنَزِيدُ ٱلۡمُحۡسِنِينَ ١٦١
And [mention, O Muḥammad], when it was said to them, "Dwell in this city [i.e., Jerusalem] and eat from it wherever you will and say, 'Relieve us of our burdens [i.e., sins],' and enter the gate bowing humbly; We will [then] forgive you your sins. We will increase the doers of good [in goodness and reward]."
使者啊!你应谨记:当时,真主对以色列的后裔说:“你们进入耶路撒冷吧!你们可以在这个城市里的任何地点、任何时间内吃城内的食物。并说:‘我们的主啊!求你饶恕我们的罪责,’你们应为你们的养主而谦恭地鞠躬进入城门,如果你们这样做了,那我必定会饶恕你们的罪责,我必在今后两世厚报行善之人。”
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فَبَدَّلَ ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواْ مِنۡهُمۡ قَوۡلًا غَيۡرَ ٱلَّذِي قِيلَ لَهُمۡ فَأَرۡسَلۡنَا عَلَيۡهِمۡ رِجۡزٗا مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ بِمَا كَانُواْ يَظۡلِمُونَ ١٦٢
But those who wronged among them changed [the words] to a statement other than that which had been said to them. So We sent upon them a punishment from the sky for the wrong that they were doing.
但是,他们中的不义之人更改了真主的命令,他们说:“‘红麦的种子’以此来替代奉命所祈求的饶恕。他们还更改了奉命的行为,即他们仰卧着进了城来替代谦恭为主而低头入城的方式。于是,我因他们的不义而降灾于他们。”
7:163Page 171
وَسۡـَٔلۡهُمۡ عَنِ ٱلۡقَرۡيَةِ ٱلَّتِي كَانَتۡ حَاضِرَةَ ٱلۡبَحۡرِ إِذۡ يَعۡدُونَ فِي ٱلسَّبۡتِ إِذۡ تَأۡتِيهِمۡ حِيتَانُهُمۡ يَوۡمَ سَبۡتِهِمۡ شُرَّعٗا وَيَوۡمَ لَا يَسۡبِتُونَ لَا تَأۡتِيهِمۡۚ كَذَٰلِكَ نَبۡلُوهُم بِمَا كَانُواْ يَفۡسُقُونَ ١٦٣
And ask them about the town that was by the sea - when they transgressed in [the matter of] the sabbath - when their fish came to them openly on their sabbath day, and the day they had no sabbath they did not come to them. Thus did We give them trial because they were defiantly disobedient.
使者啊!你向犹太人询问真主是如何惩罚他们的先民,即那海滨城市的故事吧。当时,他们在受禁后,在安息日捕鱼而僭越了真主的法度。当时,真主为了考验他们,每逢安息日时,鱼儿就会游到海面,到处都是,而在别的日子里,鱼儿都不会来,真主因他们的悖逆和犯罪而如此考验他们。故他们撒网捕鱼,并设置鱼栏,鱼儿周六游到鱼栏里,他们周日捞起并食用。
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وَإِذۡ قَالَتۡ أُمَّةٞ مِّنۡهُمۡ لِمَ تَعِظُونَ قَوۡمًا ٱللَّهُ مُهۡلِكُهُمۡ أَوۡ مُعَذِّبُهُمۡ عَذَابٗا شَدِيدٗاۖ قَالُواْ مَعۡذِرَةً إِلَىٰ رَبِّكُمۡ وَلَعَلَّهُمۡ يَتَّقُونَ ١٦٤
And when a community among them said, "Why do you advise [or warn] a people whom Allāh is [about] to destroy or to punish with a severe punishment?" they [the advisors] said, "To be absolved before your Lord and perhaps they may fear Him."
使者啊!你应谨记:他们中的一伙人曾禁止他们干这项错事,并警告了他们。而另一伙人对这伙人说:“真主将因这伙人所犯之罪行,在今世中毁灭他们,或在后世中严惩他们,那你们为什么还要劝阻呢?”劝诫者说:“真主命令我们劝善戒恶,我们为寻求真主的宽恕而对他们劝诫,以免当我们放弃时也会受到真主的惩罚,但愿他们能从中获益,能悔过自新。”
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فَلَمَّا نَسُواْ مَا ذُكِّرُواْ بِهِۦٓ أَنجَيۡنَا ٱلَّذِينَ يَنۡهَوۡنَ عَنِ ٱلسُّوٓءِ وَأَخَذۡنَا ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواْ بِعَذَابِۭ بَـِٔيسِۭ بِمَا كَانُواْ يَفۡسُقُونَ ١٦٥
And when they [i.e., those advised] forgot that by which they had been reminded, We saved those who had forbidden evil and seized those who wronged, with a wretched punishment, because they were defiantly disobeying.
当作恶者拒绝了劝诫者对他们的忠告,而未收手时,我使劝诫者幸免于惩罚。而对于在安息日故意捕鱼的不义之人,我因他们悖逆和所犯罪行施以严厉的惩罚。
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فَلَمَّا عَتَوۡاْ عَن مَّا نُهُواْ عَنۡهُ قُلۡنَا لَهُمۡ كُونُواْ قِرَدَةً خَٰسِـِٔينَ ١٦٦
So when they were insolent about that which they had been forbidden, We said to them, "Be apes, despised."
当他们因傲慢和妄自尊大而僭越真主的法度,且未听从劝阻时,我对他们说:“为非作歹的人啊!你们成为卑贱的猴子吧!”他们就成为了我所意愿之形状。如果我意欲某件事,只要对它说“有”,就会有了。
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وَإِذۡ تَأَذَّنَ رَبُّكَ لَيَبۡعَثَنَّ عَلَيۡهِمۡ إِلَىٰ يَوۡمِ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِ مَن يَسُومُهُمۡ سُوٓءَ ٱلۡعَذَابِۗ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَسَرِيعُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ وَإِنَّهُۥ لَغَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ١٦٧
And [mention] when your Lord declared that He would surely [continue to] send upon them until the Day of Resurrection those who would afflict them with the worst torment. Indeed, your Lord is swift in penalty; but indeed, He is Forgiving and Merciful.
使者啊!你应谨记:“当时,真主明明白白地宣告,将有人统治犹太教徒,使他们将从今世直到后世遭受轻视和屈辱。使者啊!你的主对于作恶多端之人的惩罚是神速的,甚至也许会在今世对他们施以惩罚。祂对于忏悔的仆人确是至恕的,至慈的。”
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وَقَطَّعۡنَٰهُمۡ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ أُمَمٗاۖ مِّنۡهُمُ ٱلصَّٰلِحُونَ وَمِنۡهُمۡ دُونَ ذَٰلِكَۖ وَبَلَوۡنَٰهُم بِٱلۡحَسَنَٰتِ وَٱلسَّيِّـَٔاتِ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَرۡجِعُونَ ١٦٨
And We divided them throughout the earth into nations. Of them some were righteous, and of them some were otherwise. And We tested them with good [times] and bad that perhaps they would return [to obedience].
我曾使他们集中之后分散于大地之上,曾将他们分为若干派别,他们中有履行真主和祂的仆人权益之人、有心怀叵测之人、也有放任自我作恶多端之人。我在容易和困难时考验他们,希望他们迷途知返。
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فَخَلَفَ مِنۢ بَعۡدِهِمۡ خَلۡفٞ وَرِثُواْ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ يَأۡخُذُونَ عَرَضَ هَٰذَا ٱلۡأَدۡنَىٰ وَيَقُولُونَ سَيُغۡفَرُ لَنَا وَإِن يَأۡتِهِمۡ عَرَضٞ مِّثۡلُهُۥ يَأۡخُذُوهُۚ أَلَمۡ يُؤۡخَذۡ عَلَيۡهِم مِّيثَٰقُ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ أَن لَّا يَقُولُواْ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ إِلَّا ٱلۡحَقَّ وَدَرَسُواْ مَا فِيهِۗ وَٱلدَّارُ ٱلۡأٓخِرَةُ خَيۡرٞ لِّلَّذِينَ يَتَّقُونَۚ أَفَلَا تَعۡقِلُونَ ١٦٩
And there followed them successors who inherited the Scripture [while] taking the commodities1 of this lower life and saying, "It will be forgiven for us." And if an offer like it2 comes to them, they will [again] take it. Was not the covenant of the Scripture [i.e., the Torah] taken from them that they would not say about Allāh except the truth, and they studied what was in it? And the home of the Hereafter is better for those who fear Allāh, so will you not use reason?
在他们死后,有一些不肖的后人替代他们继承了《讨拉特》,他们诵读经文,却不按照它去执行,他们以获取今世卑微的享受作为代价而篡改真主的经典,不依照所降示的经典去判断。他们期盼真主能饶恕他们。但如果同样的浮华再次来到他们的身边,他们还会一次又一次地去索取。难道真主与这些人没有约定,即他们针对真主只说真话,而不加以篡改或改变吗?他们不是无知地放弃按照天经去做,而是有意为之。他们阅读了天经并理解其意,因此他们的罪责更大。后世以及后世中源源不断的恩典对于遵循真主命令,远离真主禁令的敬畏者来说远远胜于今世这短暂的享受,难道这些贪恋今世享受之人不知道真主对于敬畏者在后世中的享受更好、更长远吗?
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وَٱلَّذِينَ يُمَسِّكُونَ بِٱلۡكِتَٰبِ وَأَقَامُواْ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ إِنَّا لَا نُضِيعُ أَجۡرَ ٱلۡمُصۡلِحِينَ ١٧٠
But those who hold fast to the Book [i.e., the Qur’ān] and establish prayer - indeed, We will not allow to be lost the reward of the reformers.
只有坚持经典,履行教义,按照礼拜的时间、条件、义务和圣行,履行拜功者,真主将以他们的善功而加以报酬。真主不会使行善之人的功修徒劳无酬的。
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۞ وَإِذۡ نَتَقۡنَا ٱلۡجَبَلَ فَوۡقَهُمۡ كَأَنَّهُۥ ظُلَّةٞ وَظَنُّوٓاْ أَنَّهُۥ وَاقِعُۢ بِهِمۡ خُذُواْ مَآ ءَاتَيۡنَٰكُم بِقُوَّةٖ وَٱذۡكُرُواْ مَا فِيهِ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَتَّقُونَ ١٧١
And [mention] when We raised the mountain above them as if it was a dark cloud and they were certain that it would fall upon them,1 [and Allāh said], "Take what We have given you with determination and remember what is in it that you might fear Allāh."
穆罕默德啊!你应谨记:当以色列的后裔拒绝接受《讨拉特》的律法时,我拔起那座山,使它悬空于他们的头顶,就好像云遮盖着他们的头顶一样,他们猜想那座山会压向他们,我对他们说:“你们应努力坚持我所赐予你们的,应谨记其中真主为你们制定的律法,不要忘记,希望你们以遵守律法而敬畏真主。”
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وَإِذۡ أَخَذَ رَبُّكَ مِنۢ بَنِيٓ ءَادَمَ مِن ظُهُورِهِمۡ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمۡ وَأَشۡهَدَهُمۡ عَلَىٰٓ أَنفُسِهِمۡ أَلَسۡتُ بِرَبِّكُمۡۖ قَالُواْ بَلَىٰ شَهِدۡنَآۚ أَن تَقُولُواْ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِ إِنَّا كُنَّا عَنۡ هَٰذَا غَٰفِلِينَ ١٧٢
And [mention] when your Lord took from the children of Adam - from their loins - their descendants and made them testify of themselves, [saying to them], "Am I not your Lord?" They said, "Yes, we have testified." [This] - lest you should say on the Day of Resurrection, "Indeed, we were of this unaware."
穆罕默德啊!你应谨记:当时,你的主从阿丹的后裔的背脊中取出他们的后代子孙,并赋予他们承认真主存在的天性,承认祂是他们的创造者和他们的主,真主对他们说:“难道我不是你们的养主吗?”他们说:“是的,你是我们的养主。”祂说:“我考验你们,就是为了要你们的约言,以至于在复活日,你们不会加以否认,而说:你们对此并不知情。”
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أَوۡ تَقُولُوٓاْ إِنَّمَآ أَشۡرَكَ ءَابَآؤُنَا مِن قَبۡلُ وَكُنَّا ذُرِّيَّةٗ مِّنۢ بَعۡدِهِمۡۖ أَفَتُهۡلِكُنَا بِمَا فَعَلَ ٱلۡمُبۡطِلُونَ ١٧٣
Or [lest] you say, "It was only that our fathers associated [others in worship] with Allāh before, and we were but descendants after them. Then would You destroy us for what the falsifiers have done?"
或借口你们的父辈已经违约,因此他们才以物配主。而你们看到他们如此,也只是模仿而已。故你们会说:“我们的主啊!难道你因我们的父辈曾以物配主而自毁功修的行为而惩罚我们吗?我们有何过错,我们只是无知地模仿父辈们。”
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وَكَذَٰلِكَ نُفَصِّلُ ٱلۡأٓيَٰتِ وَلَعَلَّهُمۡ يَرۡجِعُونَ ١٧٤
And thus do We [explain in] detail the verses, and perhaps they will return.1
我曾在许多的迹象中阐明了悖逆民族的下场,同样,我也为这些人再次阐明,希望他们从不信道重返认主独一和崇拜独一的真主。这也是他们曾向真主许下的诺言。
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وَٱتۡلُ عَلَيۡهِمۡ نَبَأَ ٱلَّذِيٓ ءَاتَيۡنَٰهُ ءَايَٰتِنَا فَٱنسَلَخَ مِنۡهَا فَأَتۡبَعَهُ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنُ فَكَانَ مِنَ ٱلۡغَاوِينَ ١٧٥
And recite to them, [O Muḥammad], the news of him1 to whom We gave [knowledge of] Our signs, but he detached himself from them; so Satan pursued him, and he became of the deviators.2
使者啊!你应当为以色列的后裔讲述那个人的故事:我曾给予他许多我的迹象,他了解并理解其中所蕴含的道理后,并未按照其去做,而是放弃并撇弃到一边。于是恶魔赶上他,并成为他的同伴,因此他在成为被引领的受拯救者后,变成了迷误的被毁灭者。
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وَلَوۡ شِئۡنَا لَرَفَعۡنَٰهُ بِهَا وَلَٰكِنَّهُۥٓ أَخۡلَدَ إِلَى ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَٱتَّبَعَ هَوَىٰهُۚ فَمَثَلُهُۥ كَمَثَلِ ٱلۡكَلۡبِ إِن تَحۡمِلۡ عَلَيۡهِ يَلۡهَثۡ أَوۡ تَتۡرُكۡهُ يَلۡهَثۚ ذَّٰلِكَ مَثَلُ ٱلۡقَوۡمِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَذَّبُواْ بِـَٔايَٰتِنَاۚ فَٱقۡصُصِ ٱلۡقَصَصَ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ ١٧٦
And if We had willed, We could have elevated him thereby,1 but he adhered [instead] to the earth2 and followed his own desire. So his example is like that of the dog: if you chase him, he pants, or if you leave him, he [still] pants. That is the example of the people who denied Our signs.3 So relate the stories that perhaps they will give thought.
假若我意欲他受益于这些迹象,那我必定借这些迹象来提升他,并佑助他执行,那样,他在今后两世都是高人一等的。但是,他选择了导致自己卑贱的道路。当时他贪恋今世的私欲,并影响到了后世,他追逐于私欲之中。他过分地贪恋今世就犹如一条狗一样,在任何情况下都不断地伸出舌头,如果卧下,它伸舌头,如果驱赶它,它也伸舌头。上述的这种情形就如否认我的迹象的迷误者是一样的。使者啊!你向他们讲述这个故事,但愿他们觉悟,并放弃自己悖逆和迷误的行为。
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سَآءَ مَثَلًا ٱلۡقَوۡمُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَذَّبُواْ بِـَٔايَٰتِنَا وَأَنفُسَهُمۡ كَانُواْ يَظۡلِمُونَ ١٧٧
How evil an example [is that of] the people who denied Our signs and used to wrong themselves.
再没有比否认我的迹象和明证的民众更糟糕的了,他们不相信这些,他们是自欺的民众,他们自取毁灭。
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مَن يَهۡدِ ٱللَّهُ فَهُوَ ٱلۡمُهۡتَدِيۖ وَمَن يُضۡلِلۡ فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡخَٰسِرُونَ ١٧٨
Whoever Allāh guides - he is the [rightly] guided; and whoever He sends astray1 - it is those who are the losers.
真主佑助谁走上祂端正的正道,那他就是真正的受引导者;祂使谁远离正道,那这些人就是真正的薄福之人,他们在复活日将自亏其身和家人,那才是真正的亏折之人。
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وَلَقَدۡ ذَرَأۡنَا لِجَهَنَّمَ كَثِيرٗا مِّنَ ٱلۡجِنِّ وَٱلۡإِنسِۖ لَهُمۡ قُلُوبٞ لَّا يَفۡقَهُونَ بِهَا وَلَهُمۡ أَعۡيُنٞ لَّا يُبۡصِرُونَ بِهَا وَلَهُمۡ ءَاذَانٞ لَّا يَسۡمَعُونَ بِهَآۚ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ كَٱلۡأَنۡعَٰمِ بَلۡ هُمۡ أَضَلُّۚ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡغَٰفِلُونَ ١٧٩
And We have certainly created for Hell many of the jinn and mankind. They have hearts with which they do not understand, they have eyes with which they do not see, and they have ears with which they do not hear. Those are like livestock; rather, they are more astray.1 It is they who are the heedless.
我为火狱创造了很多的精灵和人类,因为我知道他们将重蹈火狱居民的覆辙。他们有心却不思考,哪些有益于他们,哪些有害于他们。他们有眼却不观察自身和四方中真主的迹象,并从中受教。他们有耳却不去听闻真主的迹象,并按照它去做。具有这些特点之人犹如没有理智的牲畜一样,甚至比牲畜更迷误。这等人对真主和后世的信仰确是疏忽的。
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وَلِلَّهِ ٱلۡأَسۡمَآءُ ٱلۡحُسۡنَىٰ فَٱدۡعُوهُ بِهَاۖ وَذَرُواْ ٱلَّذِينَ يُلۡحِدُونَ فِيٓ أَسۡمَٰٓئِهِۦۚ سَيُجۡزَوۡنَ مَا كَانُواْ يَعۡمَلُونَ ١٨٠
And to Allāh belong the best names, so invoke Him by them. And leave [the company of] those who practice deviation concerning His names.1 They will be recompensed for what they have been doing.
清高伟大的真主确是有证明祂尊大和完美的美名,故你们依托这些美名向真主祈求心中的夙愿,并赞美祂。你们对于偏离正道、无知地将这些名字用于他人、否认真主拥有这些美名、更改其意或将这些美名比喻他人者,均可置之不理。我将对偏离正道,并对有上述行为者加以严厉的惩罚。
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وَمِمَّنۡ خَلَقۡنَآ أُمَّةٞ يَهۡدُونَ بِٱلۡحَقِّ وَبِهِۦ يَعۡدِلُونَ ١٨١
And among those We created is a community1 which guides by truth and thereby establishes justice.
我所创造的众生中有一伙人,他们遵循正道,并以真理引导他人,故他们得以指引,他们主持公道,并不偏袒。
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وَٱلَّذِينَ كَذَّبُواْ بِـَٔايَٰتِنَا سَنَسۡتَدۡرِجُهُم مِّنۡ حَيۡثُ لَا يَعۡلَمُونَ ١٨٢
But those who deny Our signs - We will progressively lead them [to destruction]1 from where they do not know.
否认我的迹象者,不仅不信仰,而且完全否认它。我将为他们打开给养的大门,不是善待他们,而是不知不觉地使他们堕入迷误之中,之后,当他们傲慢之时,将会受到我对他们的惩罚。
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وَأُمۡلِي لَهُمۡۚ إِنَّ كَيۡدِي مَتِينٌ ١٨٣
And I will give them time. Indeed, My plan is firm.
我推迟对他们的惩罚,以至于他们认为自己会免遭惩罚,因此不断地否认和悖逆,直到他们的惩罚加倍。的确,我的计谋确是缜密的,我表面为他们显现福利,其实是对他们的放弃。
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أَوَلَمۡ يَتَفَكَّرُواْۗ مَا بِصَاحِبِهِم مِّن جِنَّةٍۚ إِنۡ هُوَ إِلَّا نَذِيرٞ مُّبِينٌ ١٨٤
Then do they not give thought? There is in their companion [i.e., Muḥammad (ﷺ)] no madness. He is not but a clear warner.
这些否认真主的迹象和祂的使者之人难道就不想想吗?那样,他们的脑海中就会清楚的知道,穆罕默德(愿主福安之)不是疯子,他是真主派遣而来的使者,是一名对来自真主的惩罚直言不讳地警告者。
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أَوَلَمۡ يَنظُرُواْ فِي مَلَكُوتِ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَمَا خَلَقَ ٱللَّهُ مِن شَيۡءٖ وَأَنۡ عَسَىٰٓ أَن يَكُونَ قَدِ ٱقۡتَرَبَ أَجَلُهُمۡۖ فَبِأَيِّ حَدِيثِۭ بَعۡدَهُۥ يُؤۡمِنُونَ ١٨٥
Do they not look into the realm of the heavens and the earth and everything that Allāh has created and [think] that perhaps their appointed time has come near? So in what statement [i.e., message] hereafter will they believe?
难道这些人就没有看到真主拥有天地的王权,看到真主创造了天地间的一切动物、植物和其它生物,并看到他们的寿限即将来临吗?故他们应及时向真主忏悔,如果他们没有信仰《古兰经》,不相信其中的约定和允诺,那他们相信哪本经典呢?
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مَن يُضۡلِلِ ٱللَّهُ فَلَا هَادِيَ لَهُۥۚ وَيَذَرُهُمۡ فِي طُغۡيَٰنِهِمۡ يَعۡمَهُونَ ١٨٦
Whoever Allāh sends astray - there is no guide for him. And He leaves them in their transgression, wandering blindly.
真主欲使谁远离正道,并使他迷误,那他就得不到指引。真主任由他们彷徨于迷误和不信道之中,他们绝得不到指引。
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يَسۡـَٔلُونَكَ عَنِ ٱلسَّاعَةِ أَيَّانَ مُرۡسَىٰهَاۖ قُلۡ إِنَّمَا عِلۡمُهَا عِندَ رَبِّيۖ لَا يُجَلِّيهَا لِوَقۡتِهَآ إِلَّا هُوَۚ ثَقُلَتۡ فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ لَا تَأۡتِيكُمۡ إِلَّا بَغۡتَةٗۗ يَسۡـَٔلُونَكَ كَأَنَّكَ حَفِيٌّ عَنۡهَاۖ قُلۡ إِنَّمَا عِلۡمُهَا عِندَ ٱللَّهِ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكۡثَرَ ٱلنَّاسِ لَا يَعۡلَمُونَ ١٨٧
They ask you, [O Muḥammad], about the Hour: when is its arrival?1 Say, "Its knowledge is only with my Lord. None will reveal its time except Him. It lays heavily2 upon the heavens and the earth. It will not come upon you except unexpectedly." They ask you as if you are familiar with it. Say, "Its knowledge is only with Allāh, but most of the people do not know."
这些顽固不化的否认者向你询问复活日何时到来,并怎样确定它?穆罕默德啊!你说:“我和其他人都对此一无所知,只有真主知道那在什么时候。只有真主能够在预定之时显示它,而它的显现隐瞒于天地间的所有人。它将突降于你们。”他们向你询问末日的情况,好像你对此很是了解。他们不知道你不会询问这些,因为你完全地了解你的主。穆罕默德啊!你对他们说:“只有真主知道末日的情形。但是大多数人对此都不知道。”
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قُل لَّآ أَمۡلِكُ لِنَفۡسِي نَفۡعٗا وَلَا ضَرًّا إِلَّا مَا شَآءَ ٱللَّهُۚ وَلَوۡ كُنتُ أَعۡلَمُ ٱلۡغَيۡبَ لَٱسۡتَكۡثَرۡتُ مِنَ ٱلۡخَيۡرِ وَمَا مَسَّنِيَ ٱلسُّوٓءُۚ إِنۡ أَنَا۠ إِلَّا نَذِيرٞ وَبَشِيرٞ لِّقَوۡمٖ يُؤۡمِنُونَ ١٨٨
Say, "I hold not for myself [the power of] benefit or harm, except what Allāh has willed. And if I knew the unseen, I could have acquired much wealth, and no harm would have touched me. I am not except a warner and a bringer of good tidings to a people who believe."
穆罕默德啊!你说:“除非真主意欲,我无法为自己带来福利,也无法抵挡灾祸,这些全都掌握在真主手里。我只知道真主教授我的知识,也不知道幽玄。假若我知道幽玄,那以我所知,必多谋福利和避免灾祸。我只是真主的一名使者,我向人们警告真主的严厉刑罚,向信仰我是真主的一名使者,并相信我所带来的使命的民众以真主伟大的报酬而向他们报喜。”
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۞ هُوَ ٱلَّذِي خَلَقَكُم مِّن نَّفۡسٖ وَٰحِدَةٖ وَجَعَلَ مِنۡهَا زَوۡجَهَا لِيَسۡكُنَ إِلَيۡهَاۖ فَلَمَّا تَغَشَّىٰهَا حَمَلَتۡ حَمۡلًا خَفِيفٗا فَمَرَّتۡ بِهِۦۖ فَلَمَّآ أَثۡقَلَت دَّعَوَا ٱللَّهَ رَبَّهُمَا لَئِنۡ ءَاتَيۡتَنَا صَٰلِحٗا لَّنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ ٱلشَّٰكِرِينَ ١٨٩
It is He who created you from one soul and created from it its mate that he1 might dwell in security with her. And when he [i.e., man] covers her,2 she carries a light burden [i.e., a pregnancy] and continues therein. And when it becomes heavy, they both invoke Allāh, their Lord, "If You should give us a good3 [child], we will surely be among the grateful."
众男女啊!祂从一个人即阿丹上创造了你们,祂从阿丹的肋骨上创造了他的妻子哈娃,以便他依恋她,并从她那里得以慰藉。当丈夫和其妻交接,并不知不觉的轻便受孕后,这是怀孕的开始,她这样一直照常生活,并不觉得艰难,当她的怀孕期越长,肚子变得越大越感到不便时,夫妻二人向他们的养主祈求说:“我们的主啊!求你赐予我们一个清廉的健康的孩子,那我们必将感谢你的恩赐。”
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فَلَمَّآ ءَاتَىٰهُمَا صَٰلِحٗا جَعَلَا لَهُۥ شُرَكَآءَ فِيمَآ ءَاتَىٰهُمَاۚ فَتَعَٰلَى ٱللَّهُ عَمَّا يُشۡرِكُونَ ١٩٠
But when He gives them a good [child], they1 ascribe partners to Him concerning that which He has given them. Exalted is Allāh above what they associate with Him.
当真主应答他俩的祈祷,正如同他俩所祈求的那样,恩赐他俩一个健康的孩子时,他们为主的恩赐而开始为主树立同伴,他俩使其子崇拜真主以外的神灵,并为他取名为阿卜杜哈里斯(即哈里斯的仆人),伟大的真主远离一切以物配主之物,祂是独一的主。
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أَيُشۡرِكُونَ مَا لَا يَخۡلُقُ شَيۡـٔٗا وَهُمۡ يُخۡلَقُونَ ١٩١
Do they associate with Him those who create nothing and they are [themselves] created?
难道他们将这些偶像和它物作为崇拜真主的同伴吗?他们知道这些并没有创造出任何值得崇拜的事物,其实它们也是被造者,他们怎能将这些作为真主的同伴呢?
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وَلَا يَسۡتَطِيعُونَ لَهُمۡ نَصۡرٗا وَلَآ أَنفُسَهُمۡ يَنصُرُونَ ١٩٢
And they [i.e., the false deities] are unable to [give] them help, nor can they help themselves.
这些被崇拜的偶像无力援助他的崇拜者,更无力援助自身,他们怎么还去崇拜它们呢?
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وَإِن تَدۡعُوهُمۡ إِلَى ٱلۡهُدَىٰ لَا يَتَّبِعُوكُمۡۚ سَوَآءٌ عَلَيۡكُمۡ أَدَعَوۡتُمُوهُمۡ أَمۡ أَنتُمۡ صَٰمِتُونَ ١٩٣
And if you [believers] invite them to guidance, they will not follow you. It is all the same for you whether you invite them or you are silent.
以物配主者啊!如果你们舍真主而祈祷所谓的偶像来寻求指引,无论你们祈祷或保持缄默,即使你们不断的祈祷,它们都不会答复你们,顺从你们。因为它们都是不能思维、不会说也不会听的死物。
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إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ تَدۡعُونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ عِبَادٌ أَمۡثَالُكُمۡۖ فَٱدۡعُوهُمۡ فَلۡيَسۡتَجِيبُواْ لَكُمۡ إِن كُنتُمۡ صَٰدِقِينَ ١٩٤
Indeed, those you [polytheists] call upon besides Allāh are servants [i.e., creations] like you. So call upon them and let them respond to you, if you should be truthful.
以物配主者啊!你们舍真主而崇拜的,都是真主的被造物,都归属于真主掌握,是跟你们一样的奴仆。你们反而强于他们,因为你们是能发声、能行走、能听能看的生物,而你们的偶像却不然。你们祈求他们应答你们,如果你们对自己所妄言的是诚实的。
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أَلَهُمۡ أَرۡجُلٞ يَمۡشُونَ بِهَآۖ أَمۡ لَهُمۡ أَيۡدٖ يَبۡطِشُونَ بِهَآۖ أَمۡ لَهُمۡ أَعۡيُنٞ يُبۡصِرُونَ بِهَآۖ أَمۡ لَهُمۡ ءَاذَانٞ يَسۡمَعُونَ بِهَاۗ قُلِ ٱدۡعُواْ شُرَكَآءَكُمۡ ثُمَّ كِيدُونِ فَلَا تُنظِرُونِ ١٩٥
Do they have feet by which they walk? Or do they have hands by which they strike? Or do they have eyes by which they see? Or do they have ears by which they hear? Say, [O Muḥammad], "Call your 'partners' and then conspire against me and give me no respite.
难道你们所认定的神灵作为偶像,他们有脚可以行走,故可应答你们的要求?还是他们有手可以强有力地为你们抵挡灾祸?还是他们有眼,可以看到你们所看不见的事情而告知你们?还是他们有耳,能听到你们所听不到的,并传达给你们?如果他们对此都无能无力,那你们怎么还去崇拜它,祈求它降福避祸呢?使者啊!你对这些以物配主者说:“你们去祈求你们以物配主的偶像,他们当合力来谋害我,不要再等!”
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إِنَّ وَلِـِّۧيَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِي نَزَّلَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَۖ وَهُوَ يَتَوَلَّى ٱلصَّٰلِحِينَ ١٩٦
Indeed, my protector is Allāh, who has sent down the Book; and He is an ally to the righteous.
我的援助者和佑护者确是保护我的真主,我只祈求祂。我绝不畏惧你们的偶像。真主为我降示了《古兰经》,它是世人的引导,真主倚重祂清廉的仆人,故保护他们,援助他们。
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وَٱلَّذِينَ تَدۡعُونَ مِن دُونِهِۦ لَا يَسۡتَطِيعُونَ نَصۡرَكُمۡ وَلَآ أَنفُسَهُمۡ يَنصُرُونَ ١٩٧
And those you call upon besides Him are unable to help you, nor can they help themselves."
以物配主者啊!你们所祈求的这些偶像,无法援助你们,更无法援助自身,它们是无能的,那你们怎么还舍真主而崇拜它们呢?
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وَإِن تَدۡعُوهُمۡ إِلَى ٱلۡهُدَىٰ لَا يَسۡمَعُواْۖ وَتَرَىٰهُمۡ يَنظُرُونَ إِلَيۡكَ وَهُمۡ لَا يُبۡصِرُونَ ١٩٨
And if you invite them to guidance, they do not hear; and you see them looking at you while they do not see.
以物配主者啊!如果你们舍真主而祈求你们所崇拜的偶像指引你们走上正道,那它们绝不会听到你们的祈祷,并看到你们。它们只会用描绘出的眼睛面对你们,它们是一些无法观看的无生物。他们曾做出一些人形或动物形态的雕像,并为这些雕像雕出手、脚和眼睛,但是它们都是无生物,没有生命也不会动。
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خُذِ ٱلۡعَفۡوَ وَأۡمُرۡ بِٱلۡعُرۡفِ وَأَعۡرِضۡ عَنِ ٱلۡجَٰهِلِينَ ١٩٩
Take what is given freely,1 enjoin what is good, and turn away from the ignorant.
使者啊!你要原谅他们,并对他们的工作和品德降低要求,不要责成他们能力无法达到的事情,那样只会使他们避而远之。你以优美的言语和行为去命人,并远离愚人,不要应对他们的无知。谁伤害了你,你不要伤害他,谁禁止你,你不要去禁止他。
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وَإِمَّا يَنزَغَنَّكَ مِنَ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنِ نَزۡغٞ فَٱسۡتَعِذۡ بِٱللَّهِۚ إِنَّهُۥ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ ٢٠٠
And if an evil suggestion comes to you from Satan, then seek refuge in Allāh. Indeed, He is Hearing and Knowing.
使者啊!如果你感觉到恶魔的教唆或阻碍你立行善功,那你就求助于真主,求祂的庇护。祂确是全聪你的所言,全知你的求助,祂会保护你免遭恶魔的侵扰。
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إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّقَوۡاْ إِذَا مَسَّهُمۡ طَٰٓئِفٞ مِّنَ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنِ تَذَكَّرُواْ فَإِذَا هُم مُّبۡصِرُونَ ٢٠١
Indeed, those who fear Allāh - when an impulse touches them from Satan, they remember [Him] and at once they have insight.
遵循真主命令,远离真主禁令的敬畏真主之人,如果他们遭受恶魔的教唆而犯罪,会立即记起真主的伟大,记起真主对于悖逆者的惩罚,和顺从者的回赐。那么,他们就会忏悔自己的罪行,祈求真主的饶恕。如果他们坚持了真理,对所做之事已经彻悟,就会放弃永不再犯。
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وَإِخۡوَٰنُهُمۡ يَمُدُّونَهُمۡ فِي ٱلۡغَيِّ ثُمَّ لَا يُقۡصِرُونَ ٢٠٢
But their brothers1 - they [i.e., the devils] increase them in error; then they do not stop short.
作恶多端者和不信道者是恶魔的党羽,恶魔会以接连不断的罪恶一直增加他们的迷误,而不收手。他们是随心所欲和深陷迷误的恶魔,也是不服从领导,坏事做尽的人类败类。
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وَإِذَا لَمۡ تَأۡتِهِم بِـَٔايَةٖ قَالُواْ لَوۡلَا ٱجۡتَبَيۡتَهَاۚ قُلۡ إِنَّمَآ أَتَّبِعُ مَا يُوحَىٰٓ إِلَيَّ مِن رَّبِّيۚ هَٰذَا بَصَآئِرُ مِن رَّبِّكُمۡ وَهُدٗى وَرَحۡمَةٞ لِّقَوۡمٖ يُؤۡمِنُونَ ٢٠٣
And when you, [O Muḥammad], do not bring them a sign [i.e., miracle], they say, "Why have you not contrived it?" Say, "I only follow what is revealed to me from my Lord. This [Qur’ān] is enlightenment from your Lord and guidance and mercy for a people who believe."
使者啊!如果你带来任何迹象,他们就会否认并加以拒绝。如果你没有为他们带来任何迹象,他们就会说:“你为什么不创造一种迹象呢?”使者啊!你对他们说:“我没有能力从我这里带来任何的迹象,我只遵守真主——我的主所启示我的。我为你们所诵念的这本《古兰经》,是来自于创造了你们,并管理你们事务的真主的明证和引导,它是对仆人中的信士加以引导和慈悯,至于非信士,他们是可怜的迷误者。”
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وَإِذَا قُرِئَ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانُ فَٱسۡتَمِعُواْ لَهُۥ وَأَنصِتُواْ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تُرۡحَمُونَ ٢٠٤
So when the Qur’ān is recited, then listen to it and pay attention that you may receive mercy.
当诵念《古兰经》时,你们当静听,不要喧哗,也不要心猿意马,希望你们得到真主的怜悯。
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وَٱذۡكُر رَّبَّكَ فِي نَفۡسِكَ تَضَرُّعٗا وَخِيفَةٗ وَدُونَ ٱلۡجَهۡرِ مِنَ ٱلۡقَوۡلِ بِٱلۡغُدُوِّ وَٱلۡأٓصَالِ وَلَا تَكُن مِّنَ ٱلۡغَٰفِلِينَ ٢٠٥
And remember your Lord within yourself in humility and in fear without being apparent in speech - in the mornings and the evenings. And do not be among the heedless.
使者啊!你应卑微、谦虚并畏惧地记念你的主。应以祂的恩惠朝夕地用适当的声音去祈求祂,你不要成为忽视记念真主之人。
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إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ عِندَ رَبِّكَ لَا يَسۡتَكۡبِرُونَ عَنۡ عِبَادَتِهِۦ وَيُسَبِّحُونَهُۥ وَلَهُۥ يَسۡجُدُونَۤ۩ ٢٠٦
Indeed, those who are near your Lord [i.e., the angels] are not prevented by arrogance from His worship, and they exalt Him, and to Him they prostrate.
使者啊!在你的主那里的众天使们,他们不仅不懈怠对伟大真主的崇拜,而且全身心地完全服从于真主的命令,他们朝夕地赞美真主,他们只为祂而叩头。
Text: Quranic Universal Library (Tarteel), via spa5k/tafsir_api (MIT), at a fixed version. The ayahs: Quran Foundation. Sources and licences